投资方案制定应回答三个根本问题:为何融资、融资边界在哪里、融资带来的回撤如何被限制。因为融资会放大尾部风险,单靠均值-方差优化难以充分描述极端情形,需引入尾部风险度量与压力测试(Markowitz, 1952;Artzner et al., 1999)。具体举措包括明确风险预算与持仓上限、分阶段建仓与逐步减仓规则、利率与保证金敏感性分析,以及在不同市场冲击下的回撤情形验证。只有在各项融资假设通过极端场景测试后,方案才具备操作性与可持续性。
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